Brick-kiln



(No Model.)

2-Sheets-Sheet 1. W. E. 8a' W. HINGHLIPF.

BRICK KILN.

Patented Jan. Z5, 1887.

y llllllll l l l k L ll.ll.l .l|ll.! il I m J W m m ml "l l||| H H I l11|. 1 w/Vl Z//z/// /r/p//l//l/V//r %Q.v l lll. l Il l I Il unl I I I NNl N. PETERS. FhnwLhognpmr. Washington. llc.

(No Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2.

W. E. & W. HINCHLIFF.

BRICK KILN.

Patented Jan. 25, 18`87.

n. Pnsns. Manhay-hun wmimen. uc.

ilnrrnn Sterns NVILLIAME. HINCHLIFF AND WILLIAM HIIICHLIFF, OF CHICAGO,ILLINOIS.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 356,536, dated January25, 1887.

Application filed April E3, 1886. Serial No. 199.899. (No model.) i

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM E.' HINCH- LIFF and WILLIAM HINGHLIFF, bothcitizens ofthe United States, residing in Chicago, county of Cook, andState of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inBriek-Kilns, of which the following is a specification.

Thisinvention relates to improvements in kilns especially designed forburning brick, and in which a combustion-chamber between thebrick-burning chamber and the re charnber or chambers is separated fromthe brickburning chamber by a slotted or perforated floor supported upona series of arches. In such prior constructions a single or continuouscombustion-chamber having a surface area corresponding with that of thekiln of brick has been employed and supplied with heatunits fromopposing fire-chambers at the ends or sides, 0r both, of thecombustion-chamber, while at the same time all of the arches of thechamber are' of uniform size and the slots or perforations in the doorof uniform heat-*discharging area, the hre-chambers being connected withthe arched and continuous chamber by a single passage common to all.

Among the obj ections to such construction are the impossibilities ofa'uniform distribution of heat to the kiln of brick or of varying thedischarge of heat at any one or more points inthe kiln, as is frequentlydesirable for promoting a uniformity in burning the brick, for it willbe understood that when several fire-chambers are employed for supplyingheat to the kiln there is unavoidably a variation in the heat dischargedby each, which may be due to differences in firing, variations in draft,and other causes well understood and not necessary to be specified.

The objects of our .invention are therefore to cure these defects,first, by having a series of combustion-chambers which, with theirrespective fire-chamber, are independent of each other, so that byincreasing or diminishing their heat-supply the temperature of the kilnat desired points may be varied and the overburning or underburning ofthe brick at any one point in the kiln may be avoided; second, by havingsuch a connection between the rechamber and its respectivecombustion-chamber as to promote arapid and forcible dis.-

charge of the heat from the fire-chamber to the combustion-chamber, andat the same time provide for regulating the discharge of heat from thedrei-chamber and varying the supply of heat-unitsat different points inthe combustionchainber; third, by having such a variation in thedischarge-milices of the floor of such a character that the heat-unitsshall be equalized throughout the area of said floor in their dischargeto the brick-kiln; and, iinally, to have. certain details ofconstruction for promoting these ends, all as described and illustratedin the accompanying drawings, in which- A Figure l represents a verticallongitudinal section through the kiln and one of the lireboxes; Fig. 2,a horizontal section through two of the fire-boxes; Fig. 3, a horizontalsection on line fr .fr of Fig. l, and Fig. @L a transverse verticalsection ofthe kiln between two of the arches.

Similarletters of reference indicate the same parts in the severalfigures of the drawings.

A A- indicate the side walls, and B B the end or surrounding walls, ofthe kiln, within which are the combustion-chambers C and thebrick-burning chamber D, which combustionchamber consists of a series ofarched dues, C', and is separated from the brick-burning chamber by adoor extending horizontally across the kiln from wall to wall andcomposed of one or more layers of brick, but preferably a single layerof brick, a, supported by arches.

The arches O extend longitudinally of the kiln, and therefore lengthwiseof the combustion-chamber, and each combustionchamber contains a set ofthree of these arches separated from each other by blind walls E, sothat there are three distinct dues or passages, which together form thecombustion-chamber proper. Each arch may be said to be composed of aseries of narrow arches of the length of a brick, and separated fromeach other, s0 that a series of passages are formed in each arch for theescape through the arches of the heat.

The set of arches upon one side ofthe kiln are separated from those uponthe opposite side of thefkiln by a solid wall, F, extending lengthwisewith the arches, and said sets are isolated from each other at theirends by a solid.trans verse wall or partition, F', so that in effecteach set occupies one-fourth of the area of the lCO brickburningchamber, to which these combustion-chambers afford a common supply ofheat.

Each combustionchamber is provided with ber, and to an extent notpossible were each of the four combustion-chambers constructed of asingle arch, or were a single combustion-4 chamber employed in lieu ofthe four.

In this connection it is proper to observe that the area of brick-kilnscannot b e contracted wit-hin certain limits for practical purposes,that the combustion chamber or chambers must singly or in the aggregateconform to the area of the kiln, and that asingle combustion-chamberwith any number of nre-chambers cannot be operated so as to uniformlydistribute the heat through the kiln, or to vary the heat at differentpoints, so as to insure a uniform burning of the brick throughout thekiln. These objections are overcome to a limited extent by theemployment of four separate combustionchambers with as manytircchambers, but we have found in practice that a much better result isobtained by employing the arches, which not only separate thecombustion-chamber into three parts, but by their nue-like operationpromote a rapid and forcible discharge ofthe heated products into thekiln to such an extent that the brick in the upper part of the kiln arequite thoroughly burned without overburning those in closer proximity tothe burning-chamber. Besides this, the passages between the firechamberand the combustionchamber afford a convenient means for cutting off' orvarying the heat in any one or two of the arched chambers, to theexclusion of the other or others of the same set, and this result, inaddition to that obtained by reason of the employment of the fourcombustion-chambers, is important, because enabling us to vary the heatat such a number of points in the kiln that a perfection in burning thbrick is materially promoted, and to an extent not possible in furnacesof the class to which this relates.

In all furnaces in which there is a bridge-` wall between the fire andcombustion chambers, as is usually the case, or in which, from anycause, the llame either rises or descends in its escape from thefire-chamber to the combustion-chamber, the hottest point in thecombnstionchamber is at a point between the fire-chamber and the centerof length of the combustion-chamber, and the coolest point is at therear end of the combustion-chamber, and any such variation in heatescaping from a combustion-chamber to a brickkiln is seriouslyobjectionable. No effort has, before our invention, been made toovercome this objec` tion, although prior thereto escape orifices orslots between or in the arches of the combustion-chamber have beenemployed; but invariably they have had no variation intended fororcapable of promoting a uniform discharge of the heat-units from thecombustionchamber into the brick-burning chamber. This uniform dischargeof the heat-units from the combustion-chamber is an important object ofour invention, and is attained, as will be seen by reference to Figs. land 3, by increasing the area of the escape-passages proportionately asthe heat diminishes at various points in the combustion-chamber-as, forinstance, the greatest degree of heat is at e e', Fig. 1-thatis to say,next the lire-chamber, and also at a point about halfway between thefirechamber and the center of length of the combustion-chamber-and hencethe passages be:

between these two points arelarger than at such points, and from thepoint e the slots between the arches are lnot only gradually increasedin width asthey approachthe rear end of the furnace, but toward that endVare increased in depth, as shown at e2, Fig. l, the difference in areaof the lslots at any one point approximately corresponding with thedifference of heat escaping at that point. In other words, a greaternumber of heat-units mayescape through the passages e2, but theirheating effect is not designed to lbe any greater than the less numberescaping at e', and by this means there is an even diffusion of heat inthe brick-burning .chamber at all points of and above thecombustion-chamber. lOur invention in this respectis vnot limited tograduated escape-passages in arches or in brick-kilns, for they may aswell be `used in any kind of a floor separating a combustion-'chamberfrom a drying or burning chamber of any apparatus for that purpose nordo we limit ourselves to the number of arched fines connected with asingle fire-chamber or the number of fire-chambers to a kiln, such asherein shown and described, for it is obvious that these parts may bevaried in number at will, or according to the dimensions of thekiln,without a material departure from the invention as hereindisclosed.

By the construction described the heat is discharged uniformly from thecombustionchambers, or from any one of the arched passages or uesthereof, and said heat may not only be varied at the quarters or othersections of the kiln, but at one or more of several different parts of acombustionchamber constituting a quarter or other sectionalheatingsurface,while at the same time the draft of the fire-chamber andthe force of the heat discharged into the kiln are promoted.`

Having described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s-

1. In a brick-kiln, the brick-burning chamber and thecombustion-chamber, in combination with an uninterrupted arched :doorbetween said chambers, having a graduated series of openings therein,substantially as described.

2. In a brick-kiln, the brick-burning chant ILO IIO

` arches thereof, a {ire-box connected with two or more of said archesor arched ues, and passages through the walls between said archesseparat-ing the said flues, substantially as described.

4. In a brick-kiln, two or more combustionchambers,each composed of twoor more ilues, in combination with a fire chamber .and a number ofpassages between said combustionues and connecting said ues withfire-chamber, substantially as and for the purpose described.

WILLIAM E. HINCHLIFF. WILLIAM HINCHLIFF.

Witnesses `WILL R. 'OMOHUNDRQ J No. G. ELLIOTT.

chamber corresponding with the number of zo

